Several terms are used to refer to features and components of bones:

Bones Terminology and basics:

process	A relatively large projection or prominent bump.
articulation	The region where adjacent bones contact each other—a joint.
articular process	A projection that contacts an adjacent bone.
eminence	A relatively small projection or bump.
tuberosity	A projection or bump with a roughened surface.
tubercle	A projection or bump with a roughened surface, generally smaller than a tuberosity.
trochanter	One of two specific tuberosities located on the femur.
spine	A relatively long, thin projection or bump.
suture	Articulation between cranial bones.
malleolus	One of two specific protuberances of bones in the ankle.
condyle	A large, rounded articular process.
epicondyle	A projection near to a condyle but not part of the joint.
line, ridge	A long, thin projection, often with a rough surface.
crest	A prominent ridge.
facet	A small, smooth articular surface.
foramen	An opening through a bone.
fossa	A broad, shallow depressed area.
canal	A long, tunnel-like foramen, usually a passage for notable nerves or blood vessels.
meatus	A short canal.
sinus	A cavity within a cranial bone.

Several terms are used to refer to specific features of long bones:

diaphysis, shaft	The long, relatively straight main body of the bone; region of primary ossification.
epiphyses	The end regions of the bone; regions of secondary ossification.
epiphyseal plate	The thin sheet of bone marking the fusion of epiphyses to the diaphysis (adults only).
head	The proximal articular end of the bone.
neck	The region of bone between the head and the shaft.

Several terms are used to describe the orientation of bones with respect to axes of the body, generally those anatomical terms of location, especially:

medial	The side of the bone toward the centre line of the body.
lateral	The side of the bone towards the outside line of the body.
proximal	The side or location of a bone toward the top of the skull.
distal	The side or location of a bone toward the bottom of the feet.

n the skull (22):

Cranial bones:

1. frontal bone
2. parietal bone (2)
3. temporal bone (2)
4. occipital bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone

Facial bones:

5. zygomatic bone (2)
6. superior and inferior maxilla
9. nasal bone (2)
7. mandible
palatine bone (2)
lacrimal bone (2)
vomer bone
inferior nasal conchae (2)

In the middle ears (6):

malleus (2)
incus (2)
stapes (2)

In the throat (1):

hyoid bone

In the shoulder girdle (4):

25. clavicle or collarbone (2)
29. scapula or shoulder blade (2)

In the thorax (25):

10. sternum
28. ribs (2 x 12)

In the vertebral column (24):

8. cervical vertebrae (7) incl. atlas & axis
14. lumbar vertebrae (5)
thoracic vertebrae (12)

In the arms (6):

11. humerus (2)

26. condyles of humerus

12. ulna (2)
13. radius (2)

27. head of radius

In the hands (54):

Wrist (carpal) bones:

scaphoid bone (2)
lunate bone (2)
triquetrum bone (2)
pisiform bone (2)
Trapezium (bone) (2)
trapezoid bone (2)
capitate bone (2)
hamate bone (2)

Palm or metacarpal bones:

metacarpal bones (5 × 2)

Finger bones or phalanges:

proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
intermediate phalanges (4 × 2)
distal phalanges (5 × 2)

In the pelvis (4):

15. ilium (2)
16. sacrum
coccyx

In the legs (8):

18. femur (2)

17. hip joint (joint, not bone) (2)
22. greater trochanter of femur
23. condyles of femur

19. patella (2)
20. tibia (2)
21. fibula (2)

In the feet (52):

Ankle (tarsal) bones:

calcaneus (heel bone) (2)
talus (2)
navicular bone (2)
medial cuneiform bone (2)
intermediate cuneiform bone (2)
lateral cuneiform bone (2)
cuboidal bone (2)

Instep bones:

metatarsal bone (5 × 2)

Toe bones:

proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
intermediate phalanges (4 × 2)
distal phalanges (5 × 2)

The infant skeleton has the following bones in addition to those above:

sacral vertebrae (4 or 5), which fuse in adults to form the sacrum
coccygeal vertebrae (3 to 5), which fuse in adults to form the coccyx
ilium, ischium and pubis, which fuse in adults to form the pelvic girdle

Frontal sinus
Orbit
Maxillary sinus
Nasal septum
Nasal cavity
Hard palate