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Being an expert in several urological and urologysurgery web site including my association the most frequent questions received are the following
HOPING YOU WILL FIND SOME ANSWER IN THESE NOTES AND LECTURES Some of the notes are more board oriented , for the USMLE AND SPECIALIZATION, meaning more detailed in the treatment and pathology as pictures. In this web site I mixed the upper part and lower part of the urinary systyem, since it is the urinary system [urology, nephrology]. Danil Hammoudi.MDSinoe Medical Association. The medical information for all. This is for educational purposes only. It is not intended to replace consultation and examination by your physician or other health care provider |
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The history of urology and perhaps more specifically the treatment of urinary tract stone disease is recognised as one of the first surgical specialties. The term "cutting for the stone" is even included in the Hippocratic oath where he extols medical practitioners to "... not covet persons labouring under the stone but will leave this to be done by men who are practitioners of this work" recognising that treatment of stone disease is in the realm of a specialist. The oldest bladder stone discovered was in the body of a boy in Egypt dated about 4800 BC. A significant number of patients died from bleeding or infection. If they did survive they were often incontinent. Since those times, the treatment of stones in the urinary tract has developed considerably to the use of endoscopic surgery and extracorporeal lithotripsy Urology through the ages http://www.uroweb.org/index.php?structure_id=289 In the seventeenth century, Frérè Jacques gained great fame as a `stone-cutter` or `lithotomist`. He travelled through Europe, practising a bladder-stone removal technique that became the golden standard for a long time. Modern urology started off with the development of sophisticated instruments that offered the ability to illuminate the inside of the body. The arrival in the mid-nineteenth century of anaesthesia and surgical techniques, based on thorough knowledge of human anatomy, enabled the treatment of all urological diseases, whether these were afflictions of the kidney, the bladder or the genitalia. Urology as a distinct specialty dates from 1890, when it became a separate course of study from General Surgery and Felix Guyon became the first Professor of Urology in Paris (France). At present, urology has developed into a field of medicine in which science, technical developments, diagnostic procedures and invasive as well as non-invasive therapeutic measures have reached the highest level. The challenges of the future lie in many fields: improvement of the understanding of the development of micturition disorders in apparently healthy patients, or of the causes for urological cancers of the kidney, bladder and prostate; development of techniques to treat urological disease with minimal damage to healthy tissues (the so-called `minimal invasive surgery`); better treatment of common urological diseases, such as benign prostatic enlargement (a disease that affects all men at a certain age) or better treatment of less common but highly impacting malignant diseases, such as kidney, prostate and bladder cancer. For all these reasons, it is good to know that urology is enjoying increasing interest on the part of the general public. Indeed, urology compasses 8% of all diseases and abnormalities occurring in mankind. Within the course of a lifetime, there is a great chance that everyone will need a urologist and his expertise for advice, treatment and hopefully for the curing of urological diseases. The facts are overwhelming:
Urological admissions and surgical procedures are among the most frequently performed interventions in current hospital care. |
shows the surgeon about to operate with his assistants and of course no anaesthetic.http://www.cairns-urology.com.au/history.htm |
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