Danil hammoudi.md

Sinoe medical association

PHARMACOLOGY: USMLE QUESTIONS

1/ PENICILLIN: PENI G [IV FORM], PENI V ORAL

MECHANISM: BINDS PENICILLIN -BINDING PROTEINS

BLOCKS TRANSPEPTIDASE CROSSLINKING OF CELL WALL

ACTIVATES AUTOLYTIC ENZ

CLINICAL USE : BACTERICIDALFOR : ***GRAM POSITIVE COCCI

***GRAM POSITIVE RODS

***GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI

***SPIROCHETES.

TOXICITY : HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS.

METHICILLIN, NAFCILLIN, DICLOXACILLIN:

MECHANISM: SAME AS PENI.

NARROW SPECTRUM,PENICILLINASE RESISTANT BECAUSE OF BULKIER R GROUP

CLINICAL USE : STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

TOXICITY: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

METHICILLIN : RENAL DAMAGE.

AMPICILLIN ,AMOXICILLIN:

MECHANISM: SAME AS PENI

WIDER SPECTRUM ,PENICILLINASE SENSITIVE.

COMBIN WITH : CLAVULANIC ACID [PENICILLINASE] INHIBITOR TO ENHANCE SPECTRUM

CLINICAL USE: EXTENDED SPECTRUM PENICILLIN

MICROBES AND GRAM NEGATIVE RODS: ***ECHERICHIA COLI

***PROTEUS MIRABILIS

***HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

TOXICITY: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

AMPICILLIN : RASH

CARBENICILLIN, TICARCILLIN:

MECHANISM: SAME AS PENI,EXTENDED SPECTRUM

CLINICAL USE : PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES

GRAM NEGATIVE RODS

TOXICITY : HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS.

penicillins:inhibit of cell wall synthesis

erythromycin:action on 50s ribosomal subunit

rifampin:inhibition of mRNA synthesis

amphotericin b:alteration of cell membrane function

quinolones:inhibition of dna synthesis