Danil hammoudi.md

SINOE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

COMPREHENSIVE EXAM:

-T1=INDEX THERAPEUTIC = LD 50/ ED 50

***MAO INHIBITORS =TRT HTA

***CAPTOPRIL= BRONCHOSPASM - COUGH

***DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATE= IRREVERSIBLE CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR

***ATENOLOL= CARDIOSELECTIVE

***SULFANILAMIDE= TRT DIABETES TYPE II

***ACTINIC KERATOSIS===> S.FLUOROURACIL

***NEPHROTOXIC ANTITUMOR AGENT CISPLATIN ANTIDIURETIC= MANNITOL

***ATRACURINUM= COMPETITIVE NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING

***LIDOCAINE = AMIDE

· TRIAMTERENE

· SPINOLACTONE

· AMILORIDE

= POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS

AMRINONE===> -REVERSIBLE THROMBOCYTOPENIA

-INCREASE CARDIAC FORCE OF CONTRACTION

-INCREASE INTRA CELLULAR cAMP

-CAN BE USED AS SHORT TERM MANAGEMENT OF CARDIAC FAILURE

ATENOLOL

ACEBUTOL } BETA 1 BLOCKERS

METOPROLOL

· RESERPINE==> BLOCKS THE ABILITY OF ADRENERGIC NEURONS TO TRANSPORT NOREPINEPHRINE FROM THE CYTOPLASM TO STORAGE NOREPHINS

· GUANITIDINE: IT ACTS BY BLOCKING THE RELEASE OF STORED NOREPINEPHRINE

· DOBUTAMINE AND DOPAMINE ARE INOTROPIC POSITIVE AGENT THAT INCREASE INTRACELLULAR cAMP FOLLOWED BY ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN KINASE

· HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE CAN CAUSE HYPERURECEMIA

· ASCORBATE IS NECESSARY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYPROLINE FROM GLUTAMATE

· SHORT ACTING BENZODIAZEPINE DRUG = OXAZEPAM

· DISULFIRAM METABOLIC EFFECTS IN ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS INCLUDE:

***BLOCKADE OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE TO ACETIC ACID BY INHIBITING THE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE ENZ

· COCAINE OVERDOSE :

***PERIPHERAL VASOCONSTRICTION

***HALLUCINATION

***MYDRIASE

***EUPHORIA

***TACHYCARDIA

· HIGH SOLUBILITY ANESTHETIC GAS: RESULTS IN GREATER TIME FOR INDUCTION AND RECUPERATION FROM ANESTHESIA.

· THE MAJOR ACTION OF ADENOSINE IN THE MYOCARDIUM DURING HYPOXIC STATES IS :

· ***VASODILATATION

· CRESCENT ARE : CIRCUMFERENTIAL PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS AND MONOCYTES IN BROWMAN'S SPACE

· RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IS SEEN IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

· TETRACYCLINE: BLOCK THE BINDING OF AMINOACYL tRNA WITH INITIATOR SITES ON 30 S CAUSING AN IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

· CIMETIDINE: NON STEROIDAL ANTIANDROGEN EFFECT

· ARACHIDONIC ACID = PRECURSORS FOR THE PROSTAGLANDINS

· INSULIN= ANTILIPOLYTIC HORMONES

· GAMMAGLUTAMYL CYCLE : MOST IMPORTANT CYCLE THAT MOST AMINOACIDS USE IN ORDER TO CROSS THE CELL MB

· DEEP SLEEP : DELTA WAVE

· ALERT SLEEP: ALPHA WAVE

· SLEEP RESTING STAGE : ALPHA WAVE NL

· THE NORMAL RATIO BETWEEN CD4:CD8 [HELPER/ SUPRESSOR LYMPHOCYTE T CELL] IN HUMAN BODY IS > 1.5

· IN THE CLONAL SELECTION THE IG SURFACE RECEPTOR TYPICALLY IS : IG M

· LIBMAN-SACKS DISEASE: ***ENDOCARDITIS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS

***VEGETATION ON THE SURFACE OF ANY OF THE CARDIAC VALVES

***PRESENCE OF PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY

***EMBOLIC CNS

· VALVULAR DYSFUNCTION

· INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

· KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME: ASSOCIATION OF SITUS INVERSUS AND BRONCHIECTASIS

· THE RAPID APPEARENCE OF ANTIBODY IN THE SECONDARY RESPONSE IS EXPLAINED BY:

***MEMORY B CELLS

· NATURAL KILLER CELLS : ARE ACTIVATED WITHOUT PRIOR EXPOSURE TO THE Ag

· THE AG BOUNDING SITE IN THE IG IS LOCATED IN : VARIABLE REGION OF THE IG

· THE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION AND BINDING TO CELLS SURFACE RECEPTORS IN THE IG ARE LOCATED IN THE CST REGION OF THE IG

· PLAGUE ANS MESENTERIC ADENITIS ==> YERSINIA PESTIS

· THE SYNTHESIS OF DNA FROM RNA IN ONCOGENIC VIRUS IS CATALYZED BY :

***RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE

· ENZ REVERSE TRANSCRITASE IS REQUIRED

· ORNITHINE CARBAMOYL TRANSFERASE REACTION IN UREA CYCLE DOES NOT OCCUR IN THE CYTOPLASM.

· EXTENSOR INDICIS : PRODUCE EXTENSION OF THE THUMB AND ABDUCTION OF THE HAND

· IN THE UREA CYCLE, THE CITRULLINE FORMATION OCCURS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA

· THE ENZ NECESSARY FOR THE CONVERSION OF HISTIDINE TO HISTAMINE IS : HISTIDINE DECARBOXYLASE

· BOTULINUM : BLOCKADE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER [ACH] RELEASE

· PANCURONIUM : NON COMPETITIVE NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKER

· PRECURSOR OF ALL PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDE: UMP

· MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION : SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION INCREASE THE SARCOPLASMIC cAMP INCREASE THE FORCE OF THE CONTRACTION

· INCREASE AIRWAY RESISTANCE =

***ASTHMA

***COPD

***CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

***OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE

EXCEPT: INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE

· = INCREASE ELASTICITY ==> DECREASE AIRWAY RESISTANCE

· CAP OF mRNA: PROTECT 5' END FROM mRNA FROM NUCLEASE AND PHOSPHATASE

· PROLONGED BLEEDING TIME==> VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE

· SLOW VIRUS INFECTION : SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS

· ANATOMIC LANDMARK DISTINGUISHES AN INDIRECT HERNIA FROM DIRECT HERNIA = < EPIGASTRIC HERNIA

· THE SITE OF ACTION OF THE MUSHROOM AMANITA PHALLOIDS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE FOOD INTOXICATION IS :

***INHIBITING OF RNA POLYMERASE II

· THE FIRST STEP IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INVOLVES:

***BINDING OF THE INITIATOR METHIONINE tRNA TO A SMALL RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT

· MITOCHONDRIA ARE ABSCENT IN : BACTERIA

· DNA WITH A NUCLEAR MEMBRANE IS NOT PRESENT IN BACTERIA CELLS

· CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS : SPORULATED AGENT CAN CAUSE :

· ***MYONECROSIS

· ***FOOD POISONING

· NON PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM:

***STAPH EPIDERMIDIS: SKIN

***STAPH AUREUS: NOSE

***VIRIDANS: MOUTH THROAT

***DE MUTANS: DENTAL PLAQUE

***BACTERIOIDE FRAGILIS : COLON

· E.COLI

***LACTOBACILLUS

· E. COLI } VAGINA

· B STREPTOCOCCI

·