Anatomy first found wide acceptance as a science in ancient Greece. (a) Hippocrates is regarded as the father of medicine because of the sound principles of medical practice he established. (b) The Greek philosophy of body humors dominated medical thought for over 2,000 years. (c) Aristotle pursued a limited type of scientific method in obtaining data; his writings contain some basic anatomy. 6. Alexandria was a center of scientific learning from 300 to 30 B.C. (a) Human dissections and vivisections were performed in Alexandria. (b) Erasistratus is referred to as the father of physiology because of his interpretations of various body functions. 7. Theoretical data was deemphasized during the Roman era. (a) Celsus’s eight-volume work was a compilation of medical data from the Alexandrian school. (b) Galen was an influential medical writer who made some important advances in anatomy; at the same time he introduced serious errors into the literature that went unchallenged for centuries. (c) Science was suppressed for nearly 1,000 years during the Middle Ages, and dissections of human cadavers were prohibited. (d) Anatomical writings were taken from Alexandria by Arab armies, and thus saved from destruction during the Dark Ages in Europe. 8. During the Renaissance, many great European universities were established. (a) Andreas Vesalius and Leonardo da Vinci were renowned Renaissance men who produced monumental studies of the human form. (b) De Humani Corporis Fabrica, written by Vesalius, had a tremendous impact on the advancement of human anatomy. Vesalius is regarded as the father of human anatomy. 9. Two major scientific contributions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the explanation of blood flow and the development of the microscope. (a) In 1628, William Harvey correctly described the circulation of blood. (b) Shortly after the microscope had been perfected by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, many investigators added new discoveries to the rapidly changing specialty of microscopic anatomy. 10. The cell theory was formulated during the nineteenth century by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, and cellular biology became established as a science separate from anatomy. 11. A trend toward simplification and standardization of anatomical nomenclature began in the twentieth century. In addition, many specialties within anatomy developed, including cytology, histology, embryology, electron microscopy, and radiology. |
Danil Hammoudi.MD Sinoe Medical Association
To understand the abnormal you have to know the normal. "FAILURE IS NOT AN OPTION"
Hello Students of PGC AND LAUREL In this site you will find all we talked about in Lab and more. It will be updated after each Lab and before each lectures, question will be put on the site after each recitation for you to review. Remember you will need to be ready before each lab and review after each lab. The labs exercise and content can be downloaded at this address http://academic.pgcc.edu/AandP/ but it better to have your booklet. If you have any question you get my E-mail 1. Human anatomy is the science concern with the structure of the human body. 2. The terms of anatomy are descriptive and are generally of Greek or Latin derivation. 3. The history of human anatomy parallels that of medicine and has also been greatly influenced by various religions.
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